<?


define('PREG_FIND_RECURSIVE', 1);
define('PREG_FIND_DIRMATCH', 2);
define('PREG_FIND_FULLPATH', 4);
define('PREG_FIND_NEGATE', 8);
define('PREG_FIND_DIRONLY', 16);
define('PREG_FIND_RETURNASSOC', 32);
define('PREG_FIND_SORTDESC', 64);
define('PREG_FIND_SORTKEYS', 128);
define('PREG_FIND_SORTBASENAME', 256);   # requires PREG_FIND_RETURNASSOC
define('PREG_FIND_SORTMODIFIED', 512);   # requires PREG_FIND_RETURNASSOC
define('PREG_FIND_SORTFILESIZE', 1024);  # requires PREG_FIND_RETURNASSOC
define('PREG_FIND_SORTDISKUSAGE', 2048); # requires PREG_FIND_RETURNASSOC

// PREG_FIND_RECURSIVE   - go into subdirectorys looking for more files
// PREG_FIND_DIRMATCH    - return directorys that match the pattern also
// PREG_FIND_DIRONLY     - return only directorys that match the pattern (no files)
// PREG_FIND_FULLPATH    - search for the pattern in the full path (dir+file)
// PREG_FIND_NEGATE      - return files that don't match the pattern
// PREG_FIND_RETURNASSOC - Instead of just returning a plain array of matches,
//                         return an associative array with file stats
//
// You can also request to have the results sorted based on various criteria
// By default if any sorting is done, it will be sorted in ascending order.
// You can reverse this via use of:
// PREG_FIND_SORTDESC    - Reverse order of sort
// PREG_FILE_SORTKEYS    - Sort on the keyvalues or non-assoc array results
// The following sorts *require* PREG_FIND_RETURNASSOC to be used as they are
// sorting on values stored in the constructed associative array
// PREG_FIND_SORTBASENAME - Sort the results in alphabetical order on filename
// PREG_FIND_SORTMODIFIED - Sort the results in last modified timestamp order
// PREG_FIND_SORTFILESIZE  - Sort the results based on filesize
// PREG_FILE_SORTDISKUSAGE - Sort based on the amount of disk space taken
// to use more than one simply seperate them with a | character

// Search for files matching $pattern in $start_dir.
// if args contains PREG_FIND_RECURSIVE then do a recursive search
// return value is an associative array, the key of which is the path/file
// and the value is the stat of the file.
Function preg_find($pattern, $start_dir='.', $args=NULL) {

  static $depth = -1;
  ++$depth;

  $files_matched = array();

  $fh = opendir($start_dir);

  while (($file = readdir($fh)) !== false) {
    if (strcmp($file, '.')==0 || strcmp($file, '..')==0) continue;
    $filepath = $start_dir . '/' . $file;
    if (preg_match($pattern,
                   ($args & PREG_FIND_FULLPATH) ? $filepath : $file)) {
      $doadd =    is_file($filepath)
               || (is_dir($filepath) && ($args & PREG_FIND_DIRMATCH))
               || (is_dir($filepath) && ($args & PREG_FIND_DIRONLY));
      if ($args & PREG_FIND_DIRONLY && $doadd && !is_dir($filepath)) $doadd = false;
      if ($args & PREG_FIND_NEGATE) $doadd = !$doadd;
      if ($doadd) {
        if ($args & PREG_FIND_RETURNASSOC) { // return more than just the filenames
          $fileres = array();
          if (function_exists('stat')) {
            $fileres['stat'] = stat($filepath);
            $fileres['du'] = $fileres['stat']['blocks'] * 512;
          }
          if (function_exists('fileowner')) $fileres['uid'] = fileowner($filepath);
          if (function_exists('filegroup')) $fileres['gid'] = filegroup($filepath);
          if (function_exists('filetype')) $fileres['filetype'] = filetype($filepath);
          if (function_exists('mime_content_type')) $fileres['mimetype'] = mime_content_type($filepath);
          if (function_exists('dirname')) $fileres['dirname'] = dirname($filepath);
          if (function_exists('basename')) $fileres['basename'] = basename($filepath);
          if (isset($fileres['uid']) && function_exists('posix_getpwuid')) $fileres['owner'] = posix_getpwuid ($fileres['uid']);
          $files_matched[$filepath] = $fileres;
        } else
          array_push($files_matched, $filepath);
      }
    }
    if ( is_dir($filepath) && ($args & PREG_FIND_RECURSIVE) ) {
      $files_matched = array_merge($files_matched,
                                   preg_find($pattern, $filepath, $args));
    }
  }

  closedir($fh); 

  // Before returning check if we need to sort the results.
  if (($depth==0) && ($args & (PREG_FIND_SORTKEYS|PREG_FIND_SORTBASENAME|PREG_FIND_SORTMODIFIED|PREG_FIND_SORTFILESIZE|PREG_FIND_SORTDISKUSAGE)) ) {
    $order = ($args & PREG_FIND_SORTDESC) ? 1 : -1;
    $sortby = '';
    if ($args & PREG_FIND_RETURNASSOC) {
      if ($args & PREG_FIND_SORTMODIFIED)  $sortby = "['stat']['mtime']";
      if ($args & PREG_FIND_SORTBASENAME)  $sortby = "['basename']";
      if ($args & PREG_FIND_SORTFILESIZE)  $sortby = "['stat']['size']";
      if ($args & PREG_FIND_SORTDISKUSAGE) $sortby = "['du']";
    }
    $filesort = create_function('$a,$b', "\$a1=\$a$sortby;\$b1=\$b$sortby; if (\$a1==\$b1) return 0; else return (\$a1<\$b1) ? $order : 0- $order;");
    uasort($files_matched, $filesort);
  }
  --$depth;
  return $files_matched;
}
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<p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;"><strong>Welcome to the <em>Beginners Dutch Grammar </em>of <a href="http://www.dutch.ac.uk/" onclick="window.open('http://www.dutch.ac.uk/','popup','location=yes,scrollbars=yes,menubar=yes,resizable=yes,toolbar=yes,status=yes,width=850,height=600,left=80,top=80');return false;">Virtual Dutch</a></strong>. This grammar is aimed at students of Dutch at beginners' level. If you are an intermediate or advanced student interested in Dutch grammar, we advise you to use our <em><a href="http://dutchcentre.group.shef.ac.uk/advanced.dutch.grammar/index.php" onclick="window.open('http://dutchcentre.group.shef.ac.uk/advanced.dutch.grammar/index.php','popup','location=yes,scrollbars=yes,menubar=yes,resizable=yes,toolbar=yes,status=yes,width=850,height=600,left=80,top=80');return false;">Advanced Dutch Grammar</a></em>. The <em>Beginners Dutch Grammar </em> can be used independently or as part of an existing course. Partners of Virtual Dutch use it alongside the beginners' course <em><a href="http://www.dutch.ac.uk/index.php?module=pagesetter&amp;func=viewpub&amp;tid=3&amp;pid=6" onclick="window.open('http://www.dutch.ac.uk/index.php?module=pagesetter&amp;func=viewpub&amp;tid=3&amp;pid=6','popup','location=yes,scrollbars=yes,menubar=yes,resizable=yes,toolbar=yes,status=yes,width=850,height=600,left=80,top=80');return false;">Lagelands</a></em>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;">The <em>Beginners Dutch Grammar</em> is organised like a traditional reference grammar. Use the tabs to navigate through the site. When you enter the <a href="main_index.php">Main index</a>, you will find the grammatical topics arranged alphabetically. Just click on the topic you want to know more about. There is also a comprehensive glossary of <a href="glossary.php">grammatical terms</a>. For each topic the grammar offers a link to the same topic in the <em>Advanced Dutch Grammar</em>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;">Each topic is accompanied by a number of <a href="exerc_index.php">exercises</a>. They are self check exercises that can be completed independently.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small;">The <em>Beginners Dutch Grammar</em> was first written and produced in 2000 at the University of Hull by Agaath de Vries and Roel Vismans. In 2004-05 it was revised by <a href="mailto:c.sas@ucl.ac.uk">Christine Sas </a> at University College London (UCL) and <a href="http://www.shef.ac.uk/german/staff/roelsvismans" target="_blank">Roel Vismans </a> at the University of Sheffield. In 2008 self-correcting exercises were developed by <a href="mailto:ucldava@ucl.ac.uk">An Vanderhelst </a>at UCL and Roel Vismans as part of a <a href="http://taalunieversum.org/taalunie/" onclick="window.open('http://taalunieversum.org/taalunie/','popup','location=yes,scrollbars=yes,menubar=yes,resizable=yes,toolbar=yes,status=yes,width=850,height=600,left=80,top=80');return false;">Nederlandse Taalunie</a> funded project to optimise the two grammars of Virtual Dutch. If you have any comments about this grammar, please send them to <a href="mailto:r.vismans@sheffield.ac.uk">Roel Vismans</a>.<br />When referring to this website, please do so as Roel Vismans, Agaath
de Vries, Christine Sas &amp; An Vanderhelst, <em>Beginners Dutch Grammar </em>with the web
address.</span></p>
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