Which component of blood is responsible for transporting insulin?

Erythrocyte

Lymphocyte

Plasma

Platelet

Thrombocytes

A farmer has a wheat plant that has developed a new characteristic that improves protein yield.
What basic method might the farmer use to make further improvements to the protein yield of the wheat stock?

Cloning the new plant.

Allowing wind pollination.

Making new plants by germination.

Selective breeding.

Allowing random pollination

What is the tube called that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?

The ureter

The renal artery

The urethra

The renal vein

Renal pelvis

What is the name of the tissue that carries sucrose from leaves to the nectary of a flower in plants?

Endodermis

Phloem

Collenchyma

Xylem

Parenchyma

What type of flower would you expect to find on a plant that was wind pollinated?

Exposed branched stigma

Colourful petals and sepals

A strong scent and nectar

Light dry fruits

Large pollen grains

What does the term homozygous mean?

Having two identical alleles 

Having a dominant allele 

Having two different alleles 

Having multiple alleles

Co-dominance in a gene

What is the normal product of meiosis?

Two identical cells

Four identical cells

Four different cells

Two different cells

Clonality in cells

In a genetics breeding experiment a pure breeding plant that has green seeds was crossed with a pure breeding plant with yellow seeds.
These characteristics are an example of discontinuous variation and yellow is dominant to green. What characters would you expect the offspring of the cross to have?

All Green

All Yellow

Some green and some yellow.

A blend of yellow and green.

A co-dominant phenotype

What does the term gene mean?

An allele controlling several characters

DNA that controls a specific characteristic

A dominant allele

All bases on a chromatid

Location on a chromosome 

Which of the following substances is a lipid?

Cholesterol

Ribose nucleic acid

Sucrose

Pepsin

Lipase

What blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Aorta

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary Vein 

Pulmonary artery

Superior vena cava

Which of the following equations correctly represents cellular respiration of glucose in animals?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

CO₂ + H₂O → CH₂O + O₂

C₁₂H₁₂O₆ + 12O₂ → 12CO₂ + 6H₂O

2C₃H₆O₃→C₆H₁₂O₆

Questions 13 and 14 are about the following diagram.  The diagram below shows organisms at various levels of a five trophic level marine food chain.

Killer whale

↑

Seal

↑

Fish

↑

Animal plankton

↑

Plant plankton

Which organism is the producer?

Killer whale

Animal plankton

Fish

Plant plankton

Seal

Which trophic level in the food chain would you expect to have the largest biomass?

Seals

Plant plankton

Killer whales

All levels will be equal

Animal plankton

What causes the phenomenon of the greenhouse effect?

Damage to the ozone layer

Climate change

Carbon dioxide produced by photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide produced from burning fossil fuels

Absorption of solar radiation

What phrase describes a species?

Organisms that are similar in appearance

Organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring

Organisms sharing the same reproductive characteristics 

Organisms with the same number of chromosomes

Organisms that can breed together

What group below represents the characteristics of a virus?

Contain only RNA 
Reproduce to form two new individuals
Always larger than bacteria

Contain only DNA
Replication to form many new individuals
Always smaller than bacteria

Contain either RNA or DNA
Reproduction to form two new individuals
Always smaller than bacteria

Contain either RNA or DNA
Replication to form many new individuals
Always smaller than bacteria

Contain both RNA and DNA
Replication to form many new individuals
Always smaller than bacteria

Which of the following would be correctly classified as a micro-organism?

Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic organism

Platyhelminth

Molluscs

Unicellular

What pigments are found in plants?

Carotenoid and Rhodopsin

Phytochrome and Chlorophyll

Melanin and Rhodopsin

Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll and Melanin

What enzyme is involved in the digestion of carbohydrate?

Pepsin

Trypsin

Amylase

Lipase

Ligase

What name is given to enzyme that builds the structure of a new molecule?

Isomerase

Ligase

Oxidoreductase

Hydrolase

Helicase

What name is given to an organism that reproduces with the production of sperm and eggs?

Hermaphrodite

Asexual

Sexual

Binary

Zygote

What feature of guard cells on plant leaves causes stomata to form their characteristic shape?

Transpiration can occur

Translocation can occur

Thickening of inner cell walls

Spindle formation during mitosis

Thickening of outer cell walls

Homeostasis would be used to describe what human function?

Production of hormones during control of sugar concentration of the blood

Transmission of nerve impulses along the axon of a neurone.

Positive feedback

Digested food material absorption

Behavioural changes during hot weather

What is the function of the cornea of the eye?

Controls amount of light entering the eye

Focuses most of the light entering the eye

Protects the eye from physical damage

Contains light sensitive cells

Reflects light 

When a person touches a sharp object they withdraw their hand quickly. This is called a pain withdrawal reflex. What happens during this reflex?

The brain recognises the danger and causes muscles to contract

Information from the eye causes muscles to contract

A sense receptor detects the pain and sends a nerve impulse to the spinal cord

The spinal cord sends a nerve impulse to a sense receptor to detect the pain

Learnt behaviour protects the body from harm

Why is iron an important element to mammals?

Use to promote root growth in dry soils

A component of chlorophyll

As an ion associated with the prosthetic group of haemoglobin.

A component of the pigment in red flowers

Allows transport of water around the body

What effect does a vaccination for a disease like measles, chicken pox or Covid have? 

It destroys pathogens already present in the body

It stops pathogens crossing the lungs and entering the body

It is a medicine that speeds up recovery after the pathogen dies

It helps the body develop immunity against future pathogen infection

It stimulates the immune system to release histamine

What effect does increasing the internal cellular environmental pH from pH 7 to pH 12 have on the enzymes involved in respiration?

They work faster.

They work slower.

They denature.

They are unaffected.

The rate of reaction plateaus

What is the role of internal intercostal muscle?

To increase the heart rate. 

To decrease the heart rate.

Increase breathing rate.

Decrease breathing rate.

Stimulates diaphragm contraction